To achieve the desired result, the child’s head is tightly bandaged from an early age, squeezing it from the sides, and leaving the crown open. Until now, the tribes of Central Africa and the inhabitants of the Malay archipelago, who have a “tower head” in fashion, are engaged in artificial skull deformation. Toulouse, the custom of drawing the skull was preserved in the aristocratic dynasties in northern Italy until the 16th century, then ordinary citizens began to use it Boys were freed from them at the age of five, while girls wore such bandages until marriage. After birth, all children were put on deep skullcaps on their heads, and tight bandages were applied on top. Until recently (40s of the XX century) this strange custom was practiced among the Turkmens. Elongated skulls were also found in Peru, Chile, Mexico, Ecuador, North America, Cuba and the Antilles. In the fifth century AD, this tradition spread to the territory of Central Europe – one of the first such skulls was found in the territory of modern Austria. Deformed skulls of the Sarmatians were found in ancient burials of the Crimea (Russia), the Caucasus, the Volga region: skulls from the Museum of Kislovodsk, Stavropol Territory (Russia) At the beginning of our era, this custom was already widespread in Central Asia, from where it penetrated the Sarmatian tribes. The practice of artificial deformation of the skull appeared in ancient times – skulls with deformation found in Lebanon, Crete and Cyprus date back to 4-2 thousand BC. The first deformed skulls were found in Peru and described in the early nineteenth century. For example, tugging on the skull is a practice that clearly demonstrates the effect of such an effect of forces: mama.md Thus, bone remodeling is mainly caused by low-magnitude forces that are applied to it over a long period of time. High-frequency microstructural activity (such as muscle contractions during postural activity and rest) has been found to contribute to the maintenance of bone mass, and furthermore, the lack of such activity leads to bone resorption (destruction). The nineteenth-century German anatomist and surgeon Julius Wolff is credited with first discovering the primary influence of mechanical forces on bone morphology and architecture. As a result, the sufferer’s orbit and zygomatic bone were squeezed out. The accident caused edema that slowly increased in size over the course of twenty-one years. This is the skull of a person, in the facial area of which a horse struck. The photo above clearly demonstrates how mechanical force can change the shape of a bone over a long period of time. Burr “Bone remodeling in response to in vivo fatigue microdamage”, Journal of Biomechanics 18.3, 1985). In fact, mechanical stress creates micro-passages in bone tissue that induce the healing process during remodeling (David B. The main goal of bone remodeling is to “satisfy its mechanical needs”, with mechanical forces being one of the strongest factors in this process (Jan-Hung Chen, “Boning up on Wolff’s Law: Mechanical regulation of the cells that make and maintain bone, Journal of Biomechanics 43.1, 2010). Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated cells that remove bone tissue by dissolving mineral content and breaking down collagen. Osteoblasts are young cells of bone tissue that are formed from stem cells and synthesize the intercellular substance – matrix. Let’s talk about this process regarding the development of the face and skull in this article.īone is regenerated by the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which balance the process of resorption (destruction) and the formation of new bone tissue.

In fact, new bone is constantly replacing old bone in a process called bone remodeling. In reality, bones are very dynamic and can change their structure. They consist of a very hard fabric that, at first glance, appears to be rigid and static. Bones are a powerful structure because they form the foundation and support of our body.

Bones of the face and skull